Transitions make sure no one gets left behind when you move from one point to the next.They tell the audience where they are in the presentation and flag what’s important to note or remember. Signposts are words or phrases such as “In the first place.,” “The second issue is.,” “The key argument is.,” etc.A summary is especially useful in reframing or refocusing the discussion after a string of supporting details or after any fairly lengthy discussion of a point. Summaries remind listeners of what's important in what was just covered.Then I’ll explain how the Consumers Union conducts its tests.” For instance, in a discussion of why discrepancies exist between cars’ EPA gas mileage ratings and actual gas mileage, you might say “First I’m going to explain how the EPA arrives at its numbers. Previews tell listeners what's coming next or how you're going to develop a point.Highlight the local angle-a person, a place, an event.Personalize the subject when that’s appropriate. Build audience involvement by making your subject immediate, personal, and local.Use analogies to relate the unknown to the known.Interpret stats, translate them into human terms. Make statistics meaningful: Use graphics to help clarify numerical data.Use concrete, specific examples to illustrate points.Gear your content to your listeners’ knowledge, experience, and interests Preview what’s to follow-your points, your approach, or the type of content. State the presentation’s goal or your thesis or research question.
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